Charge transfer of carbon nanomaterials for efficient metal?free electrocatalysis

Recently, carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts (C-MFECs) have drawn considerable research attention because of their attractive physicochemical characteristics, cost-effectiveness, and ability to convert store energy efficiently. Efficient intramolecular charge transfer among different parts the carbon electrocatalyst and/or intermolecular between electrolyte dictate ultimate conversion performance. Experimental results theoretical analyses demonstrated that rational design nanomaterials, coupled with proper through heteroatom doping, incorporation Stone–Wales defects, adsorption appropriate molecules/moieties, can promote efficient electrocatalysis. In this article, we will first provide related principles then present an overview on development C-MFECs for transfer, followed by elucidating charge-transfer processes electrocatalytic reactions renewable environmental remediation technologies. Finally, current challenges future perspectives in exciting field be discussed.